WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference

WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference
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Oil spill management to prevent catastrophic shutdown of desalination plants

Zhaoyang Liu

(2025) 18-21 https://doi.org/10.5004/700102

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The combination of a growing global population and climate change has raised global concerns about the availability and safety of drinkable water. Seawater desalination is emerging as a low-cost, high-efficiency solution to coastal water constraint. There are around 16,000 desalination plants in operation worldwide, spread over 177 countries, producing approximately 95 million m3/d of fresh water. Nowadays, saltwater desalination technology is divided into two types: distillation and reverse osmosis. Distillation desalination uses distillation units to convert seawater to steam and then condense it. Reverse osmosis desalination entails pressing new water via membranes. High-quality feed water is required for the efficient functioning of desalination units. Pollutants that bypass the saltwater intake and pretreatment processes and enter the downstream desalination operations diminish heat transfer efficiency in thermal desalination facilities while fouling and destroying membranes in reverse osmosis desalination plants. As a result, the quality of the produced water deteriorates. Intensive flushing and equipment cleaning frequently need a substantial plant closure.

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Navigating water scarcity and supporting food security: market-based development of sustainable irrigation

Youssef Brouziyne, Nafn Amdar, Makram Belhaj Fraj

(2025) 6–9 https://doi.org/10.5004/700096

Abstract Water scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is a complex issue influenced by various factors such as climate change, population growth, urbanization, inefficient water management practices, and geopolitical tensions. This situation has significant implications for the irrigation sector in the MENA region, impacting...
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Addressing climate change risks on water and food security in the Arab Region

Vinay Nangia

(2025) 12 https://doi.org/10.5004/700098

Abstract Water scarcity is increasing, especially in dry environments, such as in the Arab Region, with climate change and degradation of natural resources. About 41% of the Earth’s land area is classified as dryland; wherein the farming system is characterized by low annual rainfall with much of it falling in the winter and spring. Agriculture,...
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Assessing the hydrological and hydraulic behaviour of an arid catchment which determines flood impacts in the Dhofar governorate, Oman

Manal A. Al Balushi, Joseph Holden, Mark A. Trigg

(2025) 119–132 https://doi.org/10.5004/700040

Abstract Oman has experienced several major recent flood events, most of them considered as deadly flash floods. The Dhofar governorate has been at the brunt of such floods, most recently in 2018 and 2020. This study seeks to identify appropriate flood risk mitigation measures by understanding the hydrological processes operating in the Darbat catchment...
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Deep neural networks application in environmental and water resources simulations

Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi

(2025) 3–5 https://doi.org/10.5004/700095

Abstract Traditionally, environmental and water resources simulations (EWRS) have relied on physics-based analytical and numerical models. These models employ parameters that characterize the environmental systems, system state variables, and external forces as input into mathematical equations to predict future conditions of environmental systems and...
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Evaluating the hydraulic feasibility of brackish groundwater supply for small-scale reverse osmosis plants in community centers in Kuwait

Amjad Aliewi, Harish Bhandary

(2025) 153–162 https://doi.org/10.5004/700033

Abstract The efficient operation of small reverse osmosis units in community centers in Kuwait necessitates a minimal supply of brackish groundwater with suitable water quality standards. Specific requirements were established for a public center in Al-Salmeyeh, Kuwait, demanding a brackish groundwater supply of 250 m3/h with suitable quality parameters...
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Oxide activated carbon for seawater desalination using solar energy

Wafa A. Al Rawahi, Amal S. Al Rahbi, Maryam S. Al Hashmi, Marwa Al Riyami, Hanadi Al Aameriya, Nada A. Al-Toubi, Riham A. Al-Nabhani

(2025) 40–46 https://doi.org/10.5004/700032

Abstract Desalination of seawater is an efficient process and a viable solution for water shortage problems. This process is consuming a large amount of energy. One of the latest possible solutions with less energy consumption is the use of activated carbon for the desalination process. Activated carbon can be produced using several materials including...
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Towards sustainable water management: leveraging soil moisture sensors for smart irrigation in the GCC

Hassan Ali, Rachid Benlamri, Aitazaz A. Farooque, Farhat Abbas, Raziq Yaqub

(2025) 263–271 https://doi.org/10.5004/700090

Abstract Efficient water management in agriculture is paramount in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Soil moisture sensors-based irrigation scheduling has emerged as a crucial tool for optimizing irrigation practices, conserving water resources, and improving crop yields. This paper delves into the...
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Using technology to bridge the data gap for efficient management of agricultural water

Bert Coerver, Abdullah Barhy, Mohamed Abdallah

(2025) 15–16 https://doi.org/10.5004/700100

Abstract Water scarcity represents a significant challenge to agricultural productivity and food security, particularly in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. Exacerbated by its arid and semi-arid climates, coupled with population growth, and changing climatic conditions, the demand for water in agriculture continues to rise despite the...
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Business model for small-scale decentralized wastewater treatment and sludge management in Jordan

Mohammad A. Tabieh, Emad K. Al-Karablieh, Tala H Qtaishat, Nael H. Thaher, Amer Z. Salman, Mohammad I. Majdalawi, Madi. T. Al-Jaghbir, Nehaya. K.Al-Karablieh, Ahmad I. Jamrah

(2025) 332–343 https://doi.org/10.5004/700034

Abstract Wastewater treatment is often driven by government mandate. The dissemination of decentralized wastewater management as complementation to large-scale centralized wastewater treatment plants in areas that cannot be connected due technical engineering issues or costefficiently can play a decisive role to achieve the SDG6. This paper describes...
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Harnessing biosaline agriculture for food security in the arid GCC

Rachyd Zaabol

(2025) 226–228 https://doi.org/10.5004/700109

Abstract Water scarcity is a prominent challenge threatening efforts to achieve food security in the GCC. A predominantly arid region characterized by scant and erratic rainfall combined with high potential evaporation rates exacerbates the profound and widespread impacts of accelerating water scarcity on local agricultural sustainability. The...
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Mainstreaming the outcome of the UN summit on groundwater in the Arab strategy for water security

Bisher Imam

(2025) 84 https://doi.org/10.5004/700106

Abstract The United Nations Summit on Groundwater was held at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France, from 6 to 8 December 2022. This summit was the conclusion of a year in which the focus was on groundwater (the hidden resource). In parallel, with the summit, the United Nations Commission on Water also held an expanded meeting that resulted in the...
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Solar-driven desalination in Saudi Arabia for a sustainable future

Raid Alrowais, D. Ybyraiymkul, M. Kum Ja, Kim Choon Ng

(2025) 30–34 https://doi.org/10.5004/700057

Abstract All primary (fossil) energy sources available on planet Earth emanate from the Sun, namely its photosphere (at 5700 K) where useful solar irradiance is acquired either directly or indirectly on a receiver surface. The maximum potential of a solar receiver is gauged by either direct normal (DNI) or global (HGI) irradiance. The literature has...
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Electricity generation and industrial wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell

Abdullah Al-Matouq, Mohd Elmuntasir Ahmed, Mishari Khajah, Hussain Abdullah, Rashed Al-Yaseen, Mariam Al-Jumaa, Farah Al-Ajeel, Noura Alayyadhi, Ahmed Shishter

(2025) 272–274 https://doi.org/10.5004/700110

Abstract Due to the rapid increase in population and industry sectors, the consumption of energy from fossil fuels is increasing rapidly, as a result, carbon emissions have increased, which negatively affects the environment. Currently, the electrical energy plants in Kuwait serve around 70,085 M.kWh and this is expected to increase in the future, which...
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New developments in mathematical modeling of groundwater systems

Abdelkader Larabi

(2025) 78–80 https://doi.org/10.5004/700104

Abstract The numerical modeling of groundwater flow in unconfined aquifers is much more involved than in confined aquifers. This is because the governing equation (i.e., Richard’s equation) is highly nonlinear and is subject to nonlinear boundary conditions as well. This nonlinearity is related to the dependence of the relative permeability and the...
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System dynamics model to study the effect of different policies on Bahrain’s hydrological processes

Raed Aljowder, Abrar Habib

(2025) 171–179 https://doi.org/10.5004/700067

Abstract System Dynamics (SD) modeling is a powerful tool for modeling complex interconnected and dynamic systems. It involves representing these systems with blocks and feedback loops defined mathematically. This kind of modeling can be very useful for decision-makers who want to understand the impact of different policies on a particular variable. SD...
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Farmers' attitude regarding the use of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation, the case of Saudi Arabia

Mohammed A. Alomair, Ammar M. Ebrahim, Randah M.Alqurashi, Salah M. Sidahmed, Mohamed M. El-Kafrawy, Fathi A. Alnajime, Siddig H. Hamad, Rady Tawfik, Khalid G. Turk, Abdulrahman S. Alablan, Emad Al-Karablieh

(2025) 295–307 https://doi.org/10.5004/700041

Abstract Reuse of treated wastewater could provide a key solution to address sustainable water resources management in agriculture. However, the success of this practice depends on farmers’ acceptance and involvement, which require careful assessment and evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the farmers’ perception about the treated...
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