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Navigating water scarcity and supporting food security: market-based development of sustainable irrigation

Youssef Brouziyne*, Nafn Amdar, Makram Belhaj Fraj

International Water Management Institute (IWMI), MENA Office, Giza, Egypt
*email: youssef.brouziyne@cgiar.org (corresponding author)

(2025) 6–9
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700096

$45.00
Abstract

Water scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is a complex issue influenced by various factors such as climate change, population growth, urbanization, inefficient water management practices, and geopolitical tensions. This situation has significant implications for the irrigation sector in the MENA region, impacting agricultural productivity, food security, and socio-economic development.Some key implications are:

1. Decreased Agricultural Productivity
2. Crop Losses and Economic Impact
3. Increased Water Stress
4. Salinization and Soil Degradation
5. Shift in Irrigation Practices
6. Impact on Agricultural Diversity
7. Dependency on Non-renewable Water Sources

Interventions in the irrigation market ecosystem and innovations are crucial for empowering irrigation as an effective adaptation tool in the MENA region. By promoting water-use efficiency, sustainable resource management, resilience to climate change, economic development, environmental sustainability, and adaptation and mitigation, policymakers can help ensure the long-term viability of agriculture in water-stressed environments. The International Water Management institute (IWMI) and its various partners worked with farmers and other stakeholders in the agricultural water value chain to mainstream inclusive irrigation innovation in the global south, including in MENA.

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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for wastewater treatment

Amal S. Al Rahbi*, Sharifa Al Awaid, Huda Al Amri, Rehab Al Syiabi, Hafsa Al Dowiki

Department of Applied Sciences, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
*amal.alrahbi@utas.edu.om (corresponding author)

(2025) 324–331
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700023

References Belay, K., Hayelom, A. (2014) Removal of Methyl Orange from aqueous solutions using thermally treated egg shell (locally available and low cost biosorbent). Chem. Mater. Res., 6(7): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2403.1449 Divya, M. J., Sowmia, C., Joona, K., Dhanya, K.P. (2013) Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle from hibiscus...
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Evaluating the hydraulic feasibility of brackish groundwater supply for small-scale reverse osmosis plants in community centers in Kuwait

Amjad Aliewi*, Harish Bhandary

Water Resources Development and Management Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Water Research
Center, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
*email: aaliewi@kisr.edu.kw (corresponding author)

(2025) 153–162
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700033

References Al Rashed, M., Safelnasr, A., Sherif, M., Murad, A., Alshamsi, D., Aliewi, A., Ebraheem, A. (2023). Novel concept for water security quantification considering nonconventional and virtual water resources in arid countries: application in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Sci. Total Environ. 163473....
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Oxide activated carbon for seawater desalination using solar energy

Wafa A. Al Rawahi*, Amal S. Al Rahbi, Maryam S. Al Hashmi, Marwa Al Riyami, Hanadi Al Aameriya, Nada A. Al-Toubi, Riham A. Al-Nabhani

University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Applied Sciences Department, PO Box 74, Al-Khuwair, Postal Code 133, Al Khuwair Al Janubyyah St, Muscat, Oman
*email: wafaaqib@hct.edu.om, wafa.alrawahi@utas.edu.om (corresponding author)

(2025) 40–46
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700032

References Abushammala, M.F.M., Al-Harrasi, S.H.S., Qazi, W.A., 2020,Optimal selection of seawater desalination technology in Oman. J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 16, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.19.00049 Abushawish, A., Bouaziz, I., Almanassra, I.W., AL-Rajabi, M.M., Jaber, L., Khalil, A.K.A., Takriff, M.S., Laoui, T., Shanableh, A., Atieh, M.A.,...
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Ecofriendly and low-cost adsorbent for efficient removal of lead and nickel from aqueous solution

Amal S. Al Rahbi*, Nalini Uthman, Wafa A. Al Rawahi, Amani Al Nabhani, Khulod Al Maqbali, Maryam Al Hattali, Zahra Al Zuhimi

Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
* amal.alrahbi@utas.edu.om (corresponding author)

(2025) 308–314
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700024

References Asriza, R., Fabiani, V., Julianti, E. (2022). Adsorption efficiency of heavy metals (Fe and Zn) in open pit water using Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite from kaolin bangka. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth and Environmental Science, 1108(1), 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1108/1/012064 Chen, C., Cheng, T., Zhang, M., Zhou, M. (2017). Competitive...
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Assessment of groundwater quality and its implications for drinking purposes in Najran, Southern Saudi Arabia

Abdulnoor A.J. Ghanim*, Abdulmohsen Ali Al-Swar, Saleh Mohammed Naser, Jarallah Mohammed Al-Yami, Hamad Thari alsaqoor, Salem Naser Al-Haider

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia, *aaghanim@nu.edu.sa (corresponding author)

(2025) 85–96
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700015

References [1] A. Prüss-Üstün, S. Bonjour, C. Corvalán, The impact of the environment on health by country: a meta-synthesis. Environ. Health, 7 (2008) 1–10. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-7 [2] World Health Organization. Progress on household d
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Development of flood risk mapping and mitigation strategies for Al-Qassim region

Atef Q. Kawara, Ibrahim H. Elsebaie

Civil Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia,
email: 439106883@student.ksu.edu.sa (A.Q. Kawara), elsebaie@ksu.edu.sa (I.H. Elsebaie)

(2025) 133–140
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700050

References Abubakar, I.R., Dano, U.L., 2020, Sustainable urban planning strategies for mitigating climate change in Saudi Arabia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(6): 5129–5152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00417-1 Alarifi, S.S., Abdelkareem, M., Abdalla, F., Alotaibi, M., 2022, Flash flood hazard mapping using remote sensing and GIS...
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System dynamics model to study the effect of different policies on Bahrain’s hydrological processes

Raed Aljowder, Abrar Habib*

Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
*email: abr.habib@gmail.com (corresponding author)

(2025) 171–179
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700067

References [1] UNESCO, Water for a sustainable world, Paris: UNESCO, 2015, 122 p. (The United Nations World Water Development Report). [2] Z. Hao, J. Zheng, Q. Ge, X. Guo, Relationship between precipitation and the infiltration depth over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley, Prog. Nat. Sci., 18(9) (2008)...
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Assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes using physicochemical parameters at Al-Jouf Area, Saudi Arabia

Raid Alrowais1*, Mahmoud M. Abdel daiem2

1Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakakah 72388, Saudi Arabia
*email: rnalrowais@ju.edu.sa (corresponding author)
2Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt


(2025) 146–152
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700086

References [1] M.Y.A. Khan, M. El Kashouty, W. Gusti, A. Kumar, A.M. Subyani, A. Alshehri, Geo-temporal signatures of physicochemical and heavy metals pollution in groundwater of Khulais region—Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia, Front. Environ. Sci., 9 (2022) 699. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.800517 [2] J. Mallick, C.K. Singh, M.K. AlMesfer, V.P....
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Solar-driven desalination in Saudi Arabia for a sustainable future

Raid Alrowais1*, D. Ybyraiymkul2, M. Kum Ja2, Kim Choon Ng2

1Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakakah 72388, Saudi Arabia
email: rnalrowais@ju.edu.sa (corresonding author)
2Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE),
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia

(2025) 30–34
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700057

References [1] F. Baghdadi, K. Mohammedi, S. Diaf, O. Behar, Feasibility study and energy conversion analysis of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system, Energy Convers. Manage., 105 (2015) 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.07.051 [2] F. Sarhaddi, F. Farshchi Tabrizi, H. Aghaei Zoori, S.A.H. Seyed Mousavi, Comparative study of two weir...
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Comparative wastewater quality indicators and multivariate analysis of Riyadh sewage treatment plants and its impact on irrigation of Riyadh District

Ahmed M. Elfeky1*, Ahmed A. El-Shafei1,2, Faisal M. Alfaisal3

1Agricultural Engineering Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, *email: aelfeky@ksu.edu.sa (corresponding author)
2Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
3Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia

(2025) 315–323
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700068

References Al-A’ama, M.S., Nakhla, G.F., 1995, Wastewater reuse in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Water Res., 29, 1579–1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00148-Z Aleisa, E., Al-Zubari, W., 2017, Wastewater reuse in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): the lost opportunity. Environ. Monit. Assess., 189, 553....
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Groundwater aquifers susceptibility index of waterborne diseases outbreaks (ASIWD) in Nile Delta, Egypt

Osama M. Sallama, Karim Solimanb

aResearch Institute for Groundwater, National Water Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, email: sallamosama@hotmail.com
bWater Resources Research Institute, National Water Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, email: karim_soliman@nwrc.gov.eg

(2025) 107–118
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700029

References Abdel Maged, M.S.H. (1994) Water Logging Phenomena in the North of the Delta Region, MSc. thesis, Fac. of Sci., Cairo Univ, Egypt, 1994. Abdel-Razik, M.S.M., Rizk, H.I.I., Hassan, M.H.M. (2017) Surveillance of communicable diseases for decision making in Egypt: 2006–2013, East. Mediterr. Health J., 23(6): 395–403....
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Developing a sensor-based agricultural water management system for irrigation scheduling, automation, and optimization

Farhat Abbas1*, Salem Al-Naemi1, Aitazaz A. Farooque2,3, Rachid Benlamri1, Hassan Ali1, Jose Emmanuel L. Ventura1

1University of Doha for Science & Technology, P.O. Box 24449, Doha, Qatar, *email: farhat.abbas@udst.edu.qa (corresponding author)
2Canadian Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
3Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PE, Canada

(2025) 229–238
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700088

References Abbas, F., Al-Naemi, S., Farooque, A.A., Phillips, M., 2023a, A review on the water dimensions, security, and governance for two distinct regions. Water, 15(1): 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010208 Abbas, F., Al-Naemi, S., Farooque, A.A., Phillips, M., Rose, D.A., 2023b, Understanding the phenomenon of saltwater intrusion sourced from...
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Revolutionizing desalination: KISR's breakthrough projects addressing water crisis challenges

Mansour Ahmed

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Water Research Center, P.O. Box 24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait
email: mahmed@kisr.edu.kw

(2025) 54–68
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700092

References [1] M.M. Mekonnen, A.Y. Hoekstra, Four billion people facing severe water scarcity. Sci. Adv., 2(2) (2016) e1500323; https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500323 [2] L.F. Greenlee, D.F. Lawler, B.D. Freeman, B. Marrot, P. Moulin, Reverse osmosis desalination: water sources, technology, and today’s challenges. Water Res. 43(9) (2009) 2317–2348....
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