WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference

WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference
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Assessing the hydrological and hydraulic behaviour of an arid catchment which determines flood impacts in the Dhofar governorate, Oman

Manal A. Al Balushi1*, Joseph Holden1, Mark A. Trigg2

(2025) 119–132 https://doi.org/10.5004/700040

pdf_ico.png Abstract

Oman has experienced several major recent flood events, most of them considered as deadly flash floods. The Dhofar governorate has been at the brunt of such floods, most recently in 2018 and 2020. This study seeks to identify appropriate flood risk mitigation measures by understanding the hydrological processes operating in the Darbat catchment in the region. We utilize hydrological and hydraulic models to simulate previous floods events in 2002, 2018 and 2020. The predictions from the coupled hydrological and hydraulic models provide good results as validated by multiple evidence sources including remote sensing, local community surveys and data from regional agencies. Scenario modelling can now be used to indicate key areas of the landscape that could be modified to reduce flood risk downstream under different intensities of rainfall – these scenarios could include grazing management, large flood dams, and the potential use of more cost-effective small temporary wadi dams. Keywords: Flood modelling; Ephemeral streams; Arid; Dhofar; Flash floods.

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Oxide activated carbon for seawater desalination using solar energy

Wafa A. Al Rawahi*, Amal S. Al Rahbi, Maryam S. Al Hashmi, Marwa Al Riyami, Hanadi Al Aameriya, Nada A. Al-Toubi, Riham A. Al-Nabhani

(2025) 40–46 https://doi.org/10.5004/700032

Abstract Desalination of seawater is an efficient process and a viable solution for water shortage problems. This process is consuming a large amount of energy. One of the latest possible solutions with less energy consumption is the use of activated carbon for the desalination process. Activated carbon can be produced using several materials including...
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Airborne VHF sounding radar for desert subsurface exploration of shallow aquifers: DESERT-SEA

Essam Heggy

(2025) 77 https://doi.org/10.5004/700103

AbstractShallow fossil aquifers are the largest freshwater bodies in the North African Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. Their groundwater dynamics and response to climatic variability and anthropogenic discharge remain largely unquantified due to the absence of large-scale monitoring methods. Currently, the assessment of groundwater dynamics in these...
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Ecofriendly and low-cost adsorbent for efficient removal of lead and nickel from aqueous solution


Amal S. Al Rahbi*, Nalini Uthman, Wafa A. Al Rawahi, Amani Al Nabhani, Khulod Al Maqbali, Maryam Al Hattali, Zahra Al Zuhimi


(2025) 308–314 https://doi.org/10.5004/700024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the removal of heavy metal from industrial waste water using a low-cost bio-adsorbent. Banana peels was treated chemically with phosphoric acid and methanol. The ability of treated banana peel to remove lead and nickel from wastewater was investigated. Adsorption experiments were performed to optimize the effect of...
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Deep neural networks application in environmental and water resources simulations

Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi

(2025) 3–5 https://doi.org/10.5004/700095

AbstractReferences Bai, T., Tahmasebi, P., Graph neural network for groundwater level forecasting. J. Hydrology, 616 (2023) 128792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128792 Fang, X., Wu, J., Jiang, P., Liu, K., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Lai, Y., A rapid assessment method for flood risk mapping integrating aerial point clouds and deep learning. Wat....
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Flood hazard maps generation caused by hypothetical failure of the Tabqa Dam by use of HEC-RAS 2D model

Sadeq Oleiwi Sulaiman

(2025) 97–106 https://doi.org/10.5004/700026

Abstract One of the most devastating natural calamities is flooding. Time of occurrence, mode of spread, and magnitude are all crucial pieces of information to have. Catchments and regions are frequently reported to have been flooded, with tragic results including loss of life, destruction of property, suspension of traffic, loss of power, and suspension...
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Using desalination for agriculture irrigation in GCC countries: state of art and future outlook

Mohamed A. Dawoud1*, Waleed H. Abou El Hassan2

(2025) 209–221 https://doi.org/10.5004/700048

Abstract The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are located in an arid and hyper arid region with a scarcity of freshwater resources. Due to limited conventional water resources and deterioration of groundwater, they invested in non-conventional water resources such as desalination and the reuse of treated wastewater. With an area of about 2.6...
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Farmers' attitude regarding the use of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation, the case of Saudi Arabia


Mohammed A. Alomair1, Ammar M. Ebrahim2*, Randah M.Alqurashi2, Salah M. Sidahmed1, Mohamed M. El-Kafrawy1–3*, Fathi A. Alnajime1, Siddig H. Hamad2, Rady Tawfik2, Khalid G. Turk2, Abdulrahman S. Alablan1, Emad Al-Karablieh4


(2025) 295–307 https://doi.org/10.5004/700041

AbstractReuse of treated wastewater could provide a key solution to address sustainable water resources management in agriculture. However, the success of this practice depends on farmers’ acceptance and involvement, which require careful assessment and evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the farmers’ perception about the treated...
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Advanced GC-MS-SIM method for simultaneous determination of isphenol-A and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in seawater

Mohammed Akkbik*, Ahmad Ali Ahmadi, Noora Al-Qahtani

(2025) 35–39 https://doi.org/10.5004/700039

Abstract In response to environmental concerns and the need for precise analytical methods, a highly sophisticated gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) technique was developed for the simultaneous quantification of bisphenol-A (BPA) and three common phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in seawater samples. This novel method was meticulously designed to...
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Revolutionizing desalination: KISR's breakthrough projects addressing water crisis challenges

Mansour Ahmed

(2025) 54–68 https://doi.org/10.5004/700092

Abstract Desalination, a vital solution to the rapidly increasing global water crisis, faces persistent challenges in efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability. This article presents a comprehensive overview of innovative research activities of the Water Desalination Technologies (WDT) program at the Water Research Center (WRC) of the Kuwait...
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Addressing climate change risks on water and food security in the Arab Region

Vinay Nangia

(2025) 12https://doi.org/10.5004/700098

AbstractAbstract Water scarcity is increasing, especially in dry environments, such as in the Arab Region, with climate change and degradation of natural resources. About 41% of the Earth’s land area is classified as dryland; wherein the farming system is characterized by low annual rainfall with much of it falling in the winter and spring. Agriculture,...
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Fuel allocation in water and power cogeneration desalination plant

Ibrahim S. Al-Mutaz*, Meshari S. Aldalbahi

(2025) 22–29 https://doi.org/10.5004/700028

Abstract Most large thermal desalination plants are combined with power generation, using energy that would otherwise be rejected by the environment. Energy is usually one of the largest operating costs and can vary appreciably with fuel value, plant configuration, and operating mode. In independent or privatized power and desalination plants, the Power...
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Evaluating the hydraulic feasibility of brackish groundwater supply for small-scale reverse osmosis plants in community centers in Kuwait

Amjad Aliewi*, Harish Bhandary

(2025) 153–162 https://doi.org/10.5004/700033

Abstract The efficient operation of small reverse osmosis units in community centers in Kuwait necessitates a minimal supply of brackish groundwater with suitable water quality standards. Specific requirements were established for a public center in Al-Salmeyeh, Kuwait, demanding a brackish groundwater supply of 250 m3/h with suitable quality parameters...
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Navigating water scarcity and supporting food security: market-based development of sustainable irrigation

Youssef Brouziyne*, Nafn Amdar, Makram Belhaj Fraj

(2025) 6–9 https://doi.org/10.5004/700096

Abstract Water scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is a complex issue influenced by various factors such as climate change, population growth, urbanization, inefficient water management practices, and geopolitical tensions. This situation has significant implications for the irrigation sector in the MENA region, impacting...
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Assessment of the sustainability of water management system in the Sultanate of Oman: A case study of Al-Batha basin

Yasir Said Al-Saadi

(2025) 180–201 https://doi.org/10.5004/700004

Abstract Natural water resources sector in the Sultanate of Oman is one of the sectors that faces many challenges due to the increasing demand for water to meet the various development requirements. In the Sultanate there is an imbalance between water demand and supply, and thus the Sultanate of Oman is working on building many desalination plants to...
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Oil spill management to prevent catastrophic shutdown of desalination plants

Zhaoyang Liu

(2025) 18-21 https://doi.org/10.5004/700102

Abstract The combination of a growing global population and climate change has raised global concerns about the availability and safety of drinkable water. Seawater desalination is emerging as a low-cost, high-efficiency solution to coastal water constraint. There are around 16,000 desalination plants in operation worldwide, spread over 177 countries,...
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Mainstreaming the outcome of the UN summit on groundwater in the Arab strategy for water security

Bisher Imam

(2025) 84 https://doi.org/10.5004/700106

AbstractThe United Nations Summit on Groundwater was held at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France, from 6 to 8 December 2022. This summit was the conclusion of a year in which the focus was on groundwater (the hidden resource). In parallel, with the summit, the United Nations Commission on Water also held an expanded meeting that resulted in the issuance...
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