WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference

WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference
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Towards sustainable water management: leveraging soil moisture sensors for smart irrigation in the GCC

Hassan Ali1*, Rachid Benlamri1, Aitazaz A. Farooque2,3, Farhat Abbas1, Raziq Yaqub4

(2025) 263–271 https://doi.org/10.5004/700090

pdf_ico.png Abstract

Efficient water management in agriculture is paramount in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Soil moisture sensors-based irrigation scheduling has emerged as a crucial tool for optimizing irrigation practices, conserving water resources, and improving crop yields. This paper delves into the application of soil moisture sensors for smart irrigation scheduling in the GCC, discussing their types, benefits, challenges, and relevant research and development (R&D) efforts demonstrating their successful implementation in this region. The authors identify several key areas of concern and provide a roadmap for future research endeavors in maximizing the potential of soil moisture sensors for efficient water management and smart irrigation in the GCC region. Keywords: Soil moisture sensors; Soil moisture monitoring; Irrigation scheduling; Smart irrigation; Precision agriculture; Water management; GCC.

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Oil spill management to prevent catastrophic shutdown of desalination plants

Zhaoyang Liu

(2025) 18-21 https://doi.org/10.5004/700102

Abstract The combination of a growing global population and climate change has raised global concerns about the availability and safety of drinkable water. Seawater desalination is emerging as a low-cost, high-efficiency solution to coastal water constraint. There are around 16,000 desalination plants in operation worldwide, spread over 177 countries,...
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De-carbonization pathways in the water sector in the GCC countries

Hind Al-Ali±*, Mousa AlHajrib, Mohammed AlAalic

(2025) 17 https://doi.org/10.5004/700101

AbstractA special session in which national working papers from the GCC countries are presented to present their national vision, efforts, and experiences to reduce carbon emissions in the water sector to contribute to achieving carbon neutrality within the framework of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
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Assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes using physicochemical parameters at Al-Jouf Area, Saudi Arabia

Raid Alrowais1*, Mahmoud M. Abdel daiem2

(2025) 146–152 https://doi.org/10.5004/700086

Abstract Al-Jouf region is one of the most agricultural areas in Saudi Arabia. Due to the increase in drinking and irrigation water requirements in this region, there is an urgent interest in studying groundwater quality. Thus, the main aim of this study is to analyze the physicochemical parameters of groundwater in the Al-Jouf region for irrigation and...
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Comparative wastewater quality indicators and multivariate analysis of Riyadh sewage treatment plants and its impact on irrigation of Riyadh District

Ahmed M. Elfeky1*, Ahmed A. El-Shafei1,2, Faisal M. Alfaisal3

(2025) 315–323 https://doi.org/10.5004/700068

AbstractThe ability of the communities to continue to live normally is doubtful if sufficient water is not allocated to agricultural irrigation. As a result, we try to analyze a non-conventional source of non-potable water for irrigation. The investigation assessed wastewater treatment plants in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, particularly emphasizing...
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Using technology to bridge the data gap for efficient management of agricultural water

Bert Coervera, Abdullah Barhyb, Mohamed Abdallahc*

(2025) 15–16 https://doi.org/10.5004/700100

AbstractWater scarcity represents a significant challenge to agricultural productivity and food security, particularly in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. Exacerbated by its arid and semi-arid climates, coupled with population growth, and changing climatic conditions, the demand for water in agriculture continues to rise despite the growing...
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An innovative approach to desalination and cooling using forward osmosis with thermal recovery and vapor absorption cycle

Hassan K. Abdulrahim*, Mansour Ahmed

(2025) 47–53 https://doi.org/10.5004/700073

Abstract Kuwait is facing an increasing demand for freshwater due to the country’s limited natural water resources and hot, humid climate, which requires high levels of energy consumption. To address this challenge, a new system has been developed that integrates forward osmosis (FO) with thermal recovery and a vapor absorption cooling cycle. This system...
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Developing a sensor-based agricultural water management system for irrigation scheduling, automation, and optimization

Farhat Abbas1*, Salem Al-Naemi1, Aitazaz A. Farooque2,3, Rachid Benlamri1, Hassan Ali1, Jose Emmanuel L. Ventura1

(2025) 229–238 https://doi.org/10.5004/700088

Abstract The role of agriculture has been marked significantly in sustaining societies throughout the globe. Its relevance to dry arid regions like GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) region countries is more particular due to food security, sustainability, and climate change. Qatar’s efforts in safeguarding food security have been witnessed greatly in recent...
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Water MIS for efficient integrated water resource management

Patrice Moixa, Helmi Ana’amb, Ayisha Alkhatric*

(2025) 13–14https://doi.org/10.5004/700099

AbstractWater is a critical resource essential for sustaining life, supporting ecosystems, and driving socio-economic development. Effective management of water resources is imperative to ensure their sustainable use, particularly in the face of growing global population and growing demands, climate change, and increasing water-related challenges. In...
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Mohamed A. Dawoud1*, Waleed H. Abou El Hassan2

(2025) 209–221 https://doi.org/10.5004/700048

Abstract The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are located in an arid and hyper arid region with a scarcity of freshwater resources. Due to limited conventional water resources and deterioration of groundwater, they invested in non-conventional water resources such as desalination and the reuse of treated wastewater. With an area of about 2.6...
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Deep neural networks application in environmental and water resources simulations

Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi

(2025) 3–5 https://doi.org/10.5004/700095

AbstractReferences Bai, T., Tahmasebi, P., Graph neural network for groundwater level forecasting. J. Hydrology, 616 (2023) 128792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128792 Fang, X., Wu, J., Jiang, P., Liu, K., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Lai, Y., A rapid assessment method for flood risk mapping integrating aerial point clouds and deep learning. Wat....
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Climate change and water scarcity: strategies for sustainable agricultural water use in the Arab Region

Kamel Mustafa Amer

(2025) 222–224 https://doi.org/10.5004/700107

Abstract Climate change represents a profound and ubiquitous challenge with particularly acute consequences in the Arab region. In this area, inhabitants confront escalating temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and increasingly frequent and intense meteorological phenomena. These alterations exacerbate the pre-existing critical issue of water...
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Farmers' attitude regarding the use of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation, the case of Saudi Arabia


Mohammed A. Alomair1, Ammar M. Ebrahim2*, Randah M.Alqurashi2, Salah M. Sidahmed1, Mohamed M. El-Kafrawy1–3*, Fathi A. Alnajime1, Siddig H. Hamad2, Rady Tawfik2, Khalid G. Turk2, Abdulrahman S. Alablan1, Emad Al-Karablieh4


(2025) 295–307 https://doi.org/10.5004/700041

AbstractReuse of treated wastewater could provide a key solution to address sustainable water resources management in agriculture. However, the success of this practice depends on farmers’ acceptance and involvement, which require careful assessment and evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the farmers’ perception about the treated...
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Digitalization in water: key to security in the realm of cyber insecurity risk in the Arab region

Hammou Laamrani

(2025) 1-2 https://doi.org/10.5004/700094

Abstract Traditionally, environmental and water resources simulations (EWRS) have relied on physics-based analytical and numerical models. These models employ parameters that characterize the environmental systems, system state variables, and external forces as input into mathematical equations to predict future conditions of environmental systems and...
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Airborne VHF sounding radar for desert subsurface exploration of shallow aquifers: DESERT-SEA

Essam Heggy

(2025) 77 https://doi.org/10.5004/700103

AbstractShallow fossil aquifers are the largest freshwater bodies in the North African Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. Their groundwater dynamics and response to climatic variability and anthropogenic discharge remain largely unquantified due to the absence of large-scale monitoring methods. Currently, the assessment of groundwater dynamics in these...
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Artificial intelligence application in hydrogeology and groundwater management

Khalid ElHaj, Dalal Alshamsi

83–81 (2025) doi: 10.5004/.700105

AbstractGroundwater management involves overseeing groundwater resources to ensure their ideal utilization and long-term sustainability. More than two billions of the world population depend on groundwater resources as their main water source, as a result, managing such an important resources would be of paramount importance to governments. This would be...
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Solar-driven desalination in Saudi Arabia for a sustainable future

Raid Alrowais1*, D. Ybyraiymkul2, M. Kum Ja2, Kim Choon Ng2

(2025) 30–34 https://doi.org/10.5004/700057

Abstract All primary (fossil) energy sources available on planet Earth emanate from the Sun, namely its photosphere (at 5700 K) where useful solar irradiance is acquired either directly or indirectly on a receiver surface. The maximum potential of a solar receiver is gauged by either direct normal (DNI) or global (HGI) irradiance. The literature has...
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