WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference

WSTA 15th Gulf Water Conference
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Climate change and water scarcity: strategies for sustainable agricultural water use in the Arab Region

Kamel Mustafa Amer

(2025) 222–224 https://doi.org/10.5004/700107

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Climate change represents a profound and ubiquitous challenge with particularly acute consequences in the Arab region. In this area, inhabitants confront escalating temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and increasingly frequent and intense meteorological phenomena. These alterations exacerbate the pre-existing critical issue of water scarcity. The arid climate, burgeoning populations, and brisk economic development intensify the pressure on water resources. The region’s susceptibility to climatic shifts presents substantial hazards to the vital water supplies necessary for agriculture, potable use, and hygiene purposes. Studies indicate that the Arab region is warming at a rate surpassing the global average, jeopardizing the water security of over 360 million individuals. This predicament necessitates prompt action to alleviate the impacts and preserve water resources for future generations. Keywords: Water scarcity; Climate change; Arab region; Agricultural water use; Sustainability; Innovative water management; Policy framework.

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Assessment of the sustainability of water management system in the Sultanate of Oman: A case study of Al-Batha basin

Yasir Said Al-Saadi

(2025) 180–201 https://doi.org/10.5004/700004

Abstract Natural water resources sector in the Sultanate of Oman is one of the sectors that faces many challenges due to the increasing demand for water to meet the various development requirements. In the Sultanate there is an imbalance between water demand and supply, and thus the Sultanate of Oman is working on building many desalination plants to...
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Addressing climate change risks on water and food security in the Arab Region

Vinay Nangia

(2025) 12https://doi.org/10.5004/700098

AbstractAbstract Water scarcity is increasing, especially in dry environments, such as in the Arab Region, with climate change and degradation of natural resources. About 41% of the Earth’s land area is classified as dryland; wherein the farming system is characterized by low annual rainfall with much of it falling in the winter and spring. Agriculture,...
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Economics of water under climate change in Arab countries: a policy perspective

Mohamed A. Abdrabo

(2025) 225 https://doi.org/10.5004/700108

Abstract The Arab region is one of the driest regions in terms of water availability, as the region is located in arid and sub-arid regions with low rainfall and high temperatures in summer, they are vulnerable to drought. and climate change is expected to heighten water stress in the region, with a reduction in precipitation and increased demand from...
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Using desalination for agriculture irrigation in GCC countries: state of art and future outlook

Mohamed A. Dawoud1*, Waleed H. Abou El Hassan2

(2025) 209–221 https://doi.org/10.5004/700048

Abstract The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are located in an arid and hyper arid region with a scarcity of freshwater resources. Due to limited conventional water resources and deterioration of groundwater, they invested in non-conventional water resources such as desalination and the reuse of treated wastewater. With an area of about 2.6...
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Towards sustainable water management: leveraging soil moisture sensors for smart irrigation in the GCC

Hassan Ali1*, Rachid Benlamri1, Aitazaz A. Farooque2,3, Farhat Abbas1, Raziq Yaqub4

(2025) 263–271 https://doi.org/10.5004/700090

Abstract Efficient water management in agriculture is paramount in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Soil moisture sensors-based irrigation scheduling has emerged as a crucial tool for optimizing irrigation practices, conserving water resources, and improving crop yields. This paper delves into the...
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Oxide activated carbon for seawater desalination using solar energy

Wafa A. Al Rawahi*, Amal S. Al Rahbi, Maryam S. Al Hashmi, Marwa Al Riyami, Hanadi Al Aameriya, Nada A. Al-Toubi, Riham A. Al-Nabhani

(2025) 40–46 https://doi.org/10.5004/700032

Abstract Desalination of seawater is an efficient process and a viable solution for water shortage problems. This process is consuming a large amount of energy. One of the latest possible solutions with less energy consumption is the use of activated carbon for the desalination process. Activated carbon can be produced using several materials including...
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De-carbonization pathways in the water sector in the GCC countries

Hind Al-Ali±*, Mousa AlHajrib, Mohammed AlAalic

(2025) 17 https://doi.org/10.5004/700101

AbstractA special session in which national working papers from the GCC countries are presented to present their national vision, efforts, and experiences to reduce carbon emissions in the water sector to contribute to achieving carbon neutrality within the framework of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
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Assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes using physicochemical parameters at Al-Jouf Area, Saudi Arabia

Raid Alrowais1*, Mahmoud M. Abdel daiem2

(2025) 146–152 https://doi.org/10.5004/700086

Abstract Al-Jouf region is one of the most agricultural areas in Saudi Arabia. Due to the increase in drinking and irrigation water requirements in this region, there is an urgent interest in studying groundwater quality. Thus, the main aim of this study is to analyze the physicochemical parameters of groundwater in the Al-Jouf region for irrigation and...
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Implementation status of integrated water resources management in GCC countries according to UN-SDGs

Mohamed Shamrukh1*, Khaled El-Said2

(2025) 202 - 208 https://doi.org/10.5004/700053

Abstract The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries are located in arid regions with rare natural freshwater resources and increasing amounts of treated wastewater for reuse or recycling. Therefore, integrated water resources management (IWRM) is essential for water security in the GCC countries. Globally, IWRM is one of the UN Sustainable Development...
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Fuel allocation in water and power cogeneration desalination plant

Ibrahim S. Al-Mutaz*, Meshari S. Aldalbahi

(2025) 22–29 https://doi.org/10.5004/700028

Abstract Most large thermal desalination plants are combined with power generation, using energy that would otherwise be rejected by the environment. Energy is usually one of the largest operating costs and can vary appreciably with fuel value, plant configuration, and operating mode. In independent or privatized power and desalination plants, the Power...
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Digitalization in water: key to security in the realm of cyber insecurity risk in the Arab region

Hammou Laamrani

(2025) 1-2 https://doi.org/10.5004/700094

Abstract Traditionally, environmental and water resources simulations (EWRS) have relied on physics-based analytical and numerical models. These models employ parameters that characterize the environmental systems, system state variables, and external forces as input into mathematical equations to predict future conditions of environmental systems and...
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New developments in mathematical modeling of groundwater systems

Abdelkader Larabi

(2025) 78–80 https://doi.org/10.5004/700104

AbstractThe numerical modeling of groundwater flow in unconfined aquifers is much more involved than in confined aquifers. This is because the governing equation (i.e., Richard’s equation) is highly nonlinear and is subject to nonlinear boundary conditions as well. This nonlinearity is related to the dependence of the relative permeability and the water...
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Deep neural networks application in environmental and water resources simulations

Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi

(2025) 3–5 https://doi.org/10.5004/700095

AbstractReferences Bai, T., Tahmasebi, P., Graph neural network for groundwater level forecasting. J. Hydrology, 616 (2023) 128792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128792 Fang, X., Wu, J., Jiang, P., Liu, K., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Lai, Y., A rapid assessment method for flood risk mapping integrating aerial point clouds and deep learning. Wat....
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Groundwater aquifers susceptibility index of waterborne diseases outbreaks (ASIWD) in Nile Delta, Egypt


Osama M. Sallama, Karim Solimanb


(2025) 107–118 https://doi.org/10.5004/700029

AbstractThe Corona pandemic and its significant economic and social effects, as well as the large spread of parasites, motivated us to conduct this research to develop a map of the sensitivity of groundwater pollution to waterborne pathogens. This study aims to create an index for evaluating groundwater aquifers’ susceptibility to waterborne diseases...
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Advanced GC-MS-SIM method for simultaneous determination of isphenol-A and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in seawater

Mohammed Akkbik*, Ahmad Ali Ahmadi, Noora Al-Qahtani

(2025) 35–39 https://doi.org/10.5004/700039

Abstract In response to environmental concerns and the need for precise analytical methods, a highly sophisticated gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) technique was developed for the simultaneous quantification of bisphenol-A (BPA) and three common phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in seawater samples. This novel method was meticulously designed to...
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An innovative approach to desalination and cooling using forward osmosis with thermal recovery and vapor absorption cycle

Hassan K. Abdulrahim*, Mansour Ahmed

(2025) 47–53 https://doi.org/10.5004/700073

Abstract Kuwait is facing an increasing demand for freshwater due to the country’s limited natural water resources and hot, humid climate, which requires high levels of energy consumption. To address this challenge, a new system has been developed that integrates forward osmosis (FO) with thermal recovery and a vapor absorption cooling cycle. This system...
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