Assessment of groundwater quality and its implications for drinking purposes in Najran, Southern Saudi Arabia

Abdulnoor A.J. Ghanim*, Abdulmohsen Ali Al-Swar, Saleh Mohammed Naser, Jarallah Mohammed Al-Yami, Hamad Thari alsaqoor, Salem Naser Al-Haider

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia, *aaghanim@nu.edu.sa (corresponding author)

(2025) 85–96
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700015

Abstract

In arid and semi-arid regions of Saudi Arabia, where water scarcity is an issue, monitoring groundwater quality is crucial. The main goal of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater and investigate the characteristics of water wells in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. A total of 10 groundwater wells in the study area were analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbial properties. The physical tests were conducted on-site for each well, while the chemical and microbial tests were carried out in the central laboratory for water and sanitation in Najran province. The results showed that the physical and microbial properties of all 10 wells were within the recommended limits. However, the chemical analysis results varied among the wells, with some showing high levels of TDS, nitrate, chloride and total hardness, making the water unsuitable for drinking. This study highlights the importance of safeguarding drinking water in Najran City through regular monitoring and treatment of groundwater wells. Furthermore, controlling potential pollution sources originating from agricultural activities, septic systems, and other anthropogenic practices is crucial.

Keywords: Groundwater wells; Groundwater quality; Drinking water standard; Heavy metal; Najran