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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for wastewater treatment

Amal S. Al Rahbi*, Sharifa Al Awaid, Huda Al Amri, Rehab Al Syiabi, Hafsa Al Dowiki

Department of Applied Sciences, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
*amal.alrahbi@utas.edu.om (corresponding author)

(2025) 324–331
https://doi.org/10.5004.dsal.2025.700023

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(2013) Bio-fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and its size-dependent antifungal activity against plant fungal pathogens. Spectrochim. Acta Part A: Molec. Biomolec. Spectrosc. 112: 384–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.072 Ramesh, M., Anbuvannan, M., Viruthagiri, G. (2015) Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Solanum nigrum leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 136: 864–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.105 Ramesh, P., Rajendran, A., Sundaram, M. (2014) Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using flower extract Cassia Auriculata. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2: 41–45. Rekha, K., Nirmala, M., Nair, M.G., Anukaliani, A. (2010) Structural, optical, photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of zinc oxide and manganese doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Physica B: Condensed Matter. 405(15): 3180–3185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.04.042 Sachin, J., Singh. N., Singh, R., Shah, K., Pramanik, B.K. (2023) Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using lychee peel and its application in anti-bacterial properties and CR dye removal from wastewater. Chemosphere. .327: 138497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138497 Sangeetha, G., Rajeshwari, S., Venckatesh, R. (2011) Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by aloe barbadensis miller leaf extract: structure and optical properties. Mater. Res. Bull. 46(12): 2560–2566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.07.046 Sharma, Y.C., Upadhyay, S.N. (2011) An economically viable removal of methylene blue by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from rice husk. Can. J. Chem Eng. 89: 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20393 Siripireddy, B., Mandal, B.K., (2017) Facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Eucalyptus globulus and their photocatalytic and antioxidant activity. Adv. Powder Technol. 28(3): 785–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2016.11.026 Umar, H., Kavaz, D., Rizaner, N. (2018) Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Albizia lebbeck stem bark, and evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities on human breast cancer cell lines. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 20(14): 87–100. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s186888 Vijayaprasath, G., Murugan, R., Hayakawa, Y., Ravi, G. (2016) Optical and magnetic studies on Gd doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method. J. Luminescence. 178: 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.06.004 Vidya, C., Hiremath, S., Chandraprabha, M.N., Lourdu Antonyraj, M.A., Gopal, I.V., Jain, A., Kokil Bansal, K. 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Abstract

This study focuses on the use of a green synthetic strategy to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using Albizia lebbeck pods extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of nanoparticles preparation method was examined. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure and SEM results showed high agglomeration with irregular shape. The catalytic degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes using the synthesized nanoparticles was examined. Results indicate that the removal efficiency of 87 and 82% was obtained for methyl orange and methyl blue within 60 min using nanoparticles dosage (0.02 g) and initial dye concentration (40 ppm). The experimental data were suitably fitted by Langmuir isotherm indicating a monolayer nature of the adsorption process. The obtained results demonstrate that the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles could be effectively utilized as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue and methyl orange from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Green synthesis; ZnO; Wastewater; Contaminants

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References Abdulghafar, A., (2000), Cost of Groundwater Deterioration in Bahrain: An Economic Perspective for Sustainable Development. Master’s Thesis, Arabian Gulf University, Manama. Al Bloushi, A., Giwa, A., Mezher, T., Hasan, A., (2018), Environmental impact and technoeconomic analysis of hybrid MSF/RO desalination: the case study of Al Taweelah A2...
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References Al-Qurashi, A., McIntyre, N., Wheater, H. Unkrich, C. (2008) Application of the Kineros2 rainfall–runoff model to an arid catchment in Oman. J. Hydrol., 355(1–4): 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.022 Al-Weshah, R. (2002) Rainfall-runoff analysis and modeling in wadi systems. In: Wheater, H., Al-Weshah, R.A. Eds. Hydrology of...
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University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Applied Sciences Department, PO Box 74, Al-Khuwair, Postal Code 133, Al Khuwair Al Janubyyah St, Muscat, Oman
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References Abushammala, M.F.M., Al-Harrasi, S.H.S., Qazi, W.A., 2020,Optimal selection of seawater desalination technology in Oman. J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 16, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.19.00049 Abushawish, A., Bouaziz, I., Almanassra, I.W., AL-Rajabi, M.M., Jaber, L., Khalil, A.K.A., Takriff, M.S., Laoui, T., Shanableh, A., Atieh, M.A.,...
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References Abubakar, I.R., Dano, U.L., 2020, Sustainable urban planning strategies for mitigating climate change in Saudi Arabia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(6): 5129–5152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00417-1 Alarifi, S.S., Abdelkareem, M., Abdalla, F., Alotaibi, M., 2022, Flash flood hazard mapping using remote sensing and GIS...
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