Desalination in Algeria: a major challenge to guarantee water security
Nadjib Drouiche1*, Sarra Hennane2, Rokia Youcef3, Hakim Lounici4, Ahmed Kettab5
1Centre de Recherche en Technologie Semi-conducteurs pour l’Energétique -Division CCSM, N2, Bd Dr. Frantz Fanon, P.O. Box 140, Alger Sept merveilles, 16038, Algeria
2Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella Algeria
3Laboratory valorization and recycling of matters and sustainable development, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria
4Laboratoire matériaux et développent durable MDD. Université de Bouira, 1000, Bouira, Algeria
5Professeur-Directeur de Recherches – Consultant/Expert International en Sécurité Hydrique, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique Alger, Algeria
*Corresponding author
https://doi.org/10.5004/po2024105
ABSTRACT
Algeria, grappling with escalating water stress exacerbated by climate change and rapid population growth, has embarked on a significant expansion of seawater desalination. This paper examines the multifaceted dimensions of this endeavor, delving into the national policies, substantial investments, and technological advancements driving the country's desalination sector. We critically evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating water scarcity, ensuring a reliable water supply for the burgeoning population, and supporting sustainable development across various sectors. The analysis explores the historical trajectory of desalination in Algeria, tracing its evolution from early pilot projects to the current ambitious program of large-scale plants. We investigate the key constraints that necessitated this shift, including dwindling freshwater resources, the impacts of climate change, and the increasing demands of urbanization and industrialization. Furthermore, we delve into the specific strategies employed by the Algerian government to enhance water security through desalination, focusing on its potential to address the specific needs of coastal populations and free up surface water for agricultural use. The article also scrutinizes the challenges inherent in large-scale desalination projects, such as high energy consumption, environmental impacts, and the need for skilled workforce and robust maintenance. We explore potential solutions, including the integration of renewable energy sources, advanced water treatment technologies, and the development of local expertise. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of desalination in Algeria, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach that considers not only technological advancements but also sustainable water management practices, including water conservation, efficient irrigation, and wastewater reuse. This research provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of implementing large-scale desalination projects in water-stressed regions. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, water resource managers, and researchers seeking to address the growing global demand for freshwater in a sustainable and equitable manner.
Keywords: Desalination; Water scarcity; Water security; Algeria; Climate change; Water resources; Water policy
